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History of California

California's history is a dynamic blend of indigenous cultures, European colonization, and rapid transformations driven by migration and economic opportunity. Before European contact, diverse Native American tribes thrived across the region, living off its rich natural resources. Spanish colonization began in 1769 with the establishment of missions aimed at converting indigenous peoples, but these efforts also led to the disruption of native societies. After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, California became part of Mexico, and large ranchos emerged. The discovery of gold in 1848 sparked the Gold Rush, attracting a massive influx of settlers and transforming California's economy and population. By 1850, just two years after the discovery of gold, California achieved statehood, setting the stage for its future as a powerhouse in agriculture, industry, and culture.